Grand mal seizures are likewise known as generalized tonic clonic seizures. Theyre the main seizure type in closely 10 percent of all individuals with epilepsy. Theyre likewise the most mutual type of seizure resulting from metabolic derangements. The patient experiences an aura followed by a tonic and clonic phase. Aura is a simple partial seizure, consisting of updated vision and hearing, a sentiment of discomfort, sense of dj vu, light headedness and dizziness. It may last for a couple of minutes to assorted hours. Theyre patients may not experience an aura. Tonic phase: In this phase the patient loses consciousness and the muscles undergo contraction. Tonic contraction of the expiration and larynx give rise to and ictal cry. There may be pooling of secretions in the pharynx, and cyanosis may give rise to because of impaired respiration. Contraction of the jaw muscles during a grand mal may cause tongue bite. Theyre an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and papillary size. In in regards to 10 to 20 seconds the tonic phase evolves into the clonic phase. Theyre this transitory phase Theyre a relaxation phase of the muscles superimposed Theyre the contraction phase. Theyre Theyre a amount of time of relaxation and contraction alternately which develops convulsions. Incontinence of bladder or bowel may be present. Post ictal phase consists of unresponsiveness, flaccidity of the muscles and excessive salivation. Over minutes to hours the patient may regain consciousness and there may be a phase of confusion and amnesia. Patients may complain of headache, fatigue and muscle ache. : In most cases, the ground of seizures remains unknown. Theyre the most mutual causes are low electrolytes like sodium, low calcium or magnesium, low glucose, traumatic head injuries, strokes, brain tumors, brain infections like meningitis, encephalitis, neurocysticercosis, and blood vessels malformations like aneurysms, haemangiomas, drug abuse, alcohol and sure genetic syndromes. An EEG taken during the tonic phase of a grand mal will show progressive increase in generalized low voltage fast action followed by generalized high amplitude polyspike discharges. In the clonic phase, the high amplitude action is interrupted by slow waves to give rise to a spike and wave pattern. : Persons who are suffering from seizure disorders ought to take their antiepiletic medications on a regular basis, as irregular treatment may put them at a high chance of suffering from a convulsion. They ought to refrain from swimming, as they may drown if they throw a convulsion while in water. Injuries associated with falling may be invented such like joint dislocations, head injuries or fractures. Theyre of the seizures ought to be tackled original. Electrolyte imbalance, glucose levels, calcium levels ought to be corrected. Theyre medications are employed in the treatment for epilepsy for e. G. Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Valproic acid, Oxacarbazepine, Phenobarbital, and Topiramate etc. Theyre the patient is started on a single antiepileptic drug at a low dosage and the dosage may be increased gradually. Most patients have a good seizure control with a single antiepileptic; the others ought to be put on a couple of drug.
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